wadlard.pages.dev






Vad används jeffrey pine för

Pinus jeffreyi

Pine tree funnen in North America

Pinus jeffreyi, also known as Jeffrey pine, Jeffrey's pine, yellow pine[2] and black pine,[3] fryst vatten a North Americanpine tree. It fryst vatten mainly funnen in California, but also in the westernmost part of Nevada, southwestern Oregon, and nordlig Baja California.[4]: 4  It fryst vatten named in honor of its botanist documenter John Jeffrey.

Description

[edit]

Pinus jeffreyi fryst vatten a large coniferousevergreen tree, reaching 25 to 40 meters (82 to 131 ft) tall, rarely up to 53 m (174 ft) tall, though smaller when growing at or nära tree line.[5] The leaves are needle-like, in bundles of three, stout, glaucous gray-green, 12 to 23 centimeters (4+3⁄4 to 9 in) long.

The cones are 12 to 25 cm (4+3⁄4 to 9+3⁄4 in) long,[6] dark purple when immature, ripening pale brown, with thinly woody scales bearing a short, skarp inward-pointing barb. The seeds are 10 to 12 millimeters (3⁄8 to 1⁄2 in) long, with a large (15 to 25 mm (5⁄8 to 1 in)) wing.

These pine trees, named after the Scottish botanist John Jeffrey, slightly resemble Ponderosa pine though they can be differentiated based on their needles, buds, cones, and bark

Pinus jeffreyi fryst vatten closely related to Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine) and fryst vatten similar in appearance. One way to distinguish between them fryst vatten bygd their cones. Each has barbs at the end of the scales. The skarp Pinus jeffreyi form scale barbs point inward, so the form feels smooth to the palm of one's grabb when rubbed down the kon.

Pinus ponderosa geometri scale barbs point outward, so feel skarp and stickig to the palm of one's hands.

It typically matures in its native

The memory device of 'gentle Jeffrey' and 'prickly ponderosa' can be used to differentiate between the species. Another distinguishing characteristic fryst vatten that the needles of Pinus jeffreyi are glaucous, less bright green than those of Pinus ponderosa, and bygd the stouter, heavier cones with larger seeds and inward-pointing barbs.[7]Pinus jeffreyi can be somewhat distinguished from Pinus ponderosa bygd the relatively smaller scales of reddish-brown bark as compared to the larger plates of orangish ponderosa bark.[6]

The scent of Pinus jeffreyi fryst vatten variously described as reminiscerande of vanilla, lemon, pineapple, violets, apple,[8] and, ganska commonly, butterscotch.[9] This scent may be sampled bygd breaking off a skott or some needles, or bygd simply smelling the resin's scent in between the plates of the bark.

This scent fryst vatten related to the very unusual composition of the resin, with the volatile component made up almost entirely of pure n-heptane. It fryst vatten because of this peculiarity that the trees are sometimes known as gasoline trees.

Även om trädet i sin naturliga miljö finns på torra, steniga bergssluttningar trivs det bäst i väldränerad, ljus och fuktig jord

The largest Pinus jeffreyi, bygd trunk volume, fryst vatten the Eureka Valley Giant, in the Stanislaus National Forest. Its trunk contains 129 m3 (4,600 cu ft) of wood, fryst vatten 59 m (194 ft) tall, with a diameter of 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in).[10]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

Pinus jeffreyi occurs from southwest Oregon south through much of California (mainly on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada), to nordlig Baja California in Mexico.

It fryst vatten a high-altitude species; in the north of its range, it grows widely at 1,500 to 2,100 m (4,900 to 6,900 ft) höjd över havsnivån, and at 1,800 to 2,900 m (5,900 to 9,500 ft) in the south of its range.[5]

Pinus jeffreyi fryst vatten more stress tolerant than Pinus ponderosa.

At higher elevations, on poorer soils, in colder climates, and in drier climates, Pinus jeffreyi replaces Pinus ponderosa as the dominant tree.[4]Pinus jeffreyi fryst vatten also tolerant of serpentine soils and fryst vatten often dominant in these conditions, even on dry sites at fairly low altitudes.[5]

Ecology

[edit]

Pinus jeffreyi can hybridize with Pinus ponderosa and the Coulter pine, however this occurrence fryst vatten rare due to the fact that the pines release pollen at different times of the year.[6][11]

Uses

[edit]

Pinus jeffreyi wood fryst vatten similar to ponderosa pine wood, and fryst vatten used for the same purposes.

Crystallized sap of Pinus jeffreyi has been eaten as candy.[12] The exceptional purity of n-heptane distilled from Pinus jeffreyi resin led to n-heptane being selected as the zero point on the octane rating scale of petrol.

As it mainly consists of n-heptane, Pinus jeffreyi resin fryst vatten a poor source of turpentine.[13] Before Pinus jeffreyi was distinguished from ponderosa pine as a distinct species in 1853, resin distillers operating in its range suffered a number of "inexplicable" explosions during distillation,[14] now known to have been caused bygd the unwitting use of Jeffrey pine resin.

Taxonomy

[edit]

Pinus jeffreyi fryst vatten named for its discoverer, Scottish botanist John Jeffrey, who encountered it in 1852 nära Mount Shasta.[12]Pinus fryst vatten Latin for pine.[15]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

  1. ^Farjon, A.

    (2013).

    There are three needles to a bunch, each about 8 inches long

    "Pinus jeffreyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T42371A2975870. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42371A2975870.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.

  2. ^Elliot, Daniel Giraud (1904).

    It is mainly found in California, but also in the westernmost part of Nevada, southwestern Oregon, and northern Baja California

    "A List of Mammals obtained bygd Edmund Heller from the Coast område of nordlig California and Oregon". Field Columbian Museum Publication, Zoological Series. 3 (11): 175–197.

  3. ^"Pinus jeffreyi". Integrated Taxonomic kunskap struktur. Retrieved 2018-11-03.
  4. ^ abSafford, H.D.

    2013. Natural Range of Variation (NRV) for yellow pine and mixed conifer forests in the bioregional assessment area, including the Sierra Nevada, southern Cascades, and Modoc and Inyo National Forests. Unpublished report. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest område, Vallejo, CA, [1]

  5. ^ abcJenkinson, James L.

    (1990). "Pinus jeffreyi". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Conifers. Silvics of North America. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: United States Forest Service (USFS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) – via Southern Research Station.

  6. ^ abcArno, Stephen F.; Hammerly, Ramona P.

    (2020) [1977]. Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees (field guide ed.). Seattle: Mountaineers Books.

    Pinus jeffreyi, commonly called Jeffrey pine, is native to mountainous areas, often on dry exposed slopes, from southwestern Oregon south through the Sierras in California to Baja California

    pp. 57–58. ISBN . OCLC 1141235469.

  7. ^Moore, Gerry; Kershner, Bruce; Tufts, Craig; Mathews, Daniel; et al. (2008). National Wildlife förbund Field Guide to Trees of North America. New York: Sterling. p. 86. ISBN .
  8. ^"Jeffrey Pine". enature.com.

    Pinus jeffreyi är lämplig för alla jordtyper och anpassar sig väl

    Archived from the original on 2011-06-14.

  9. ^Vizgirdas, Ray S.; Rey-Vizgirdas, Edna M. (2006). Wild Plants of the Sierra Nevada. Reno, Nevada: University of Nevada Press.
  10. ^Van Pelt, Robert (2001). Forest Giants of the Pacific Coast. Global Forest kultur. p. 108.
  11. ^"PinusieffreyiGrev".


  12. vad används jeffrey pine för

    13. www.srs.fs.usda.gov. Retrieved 2022-10-17.

  13. ^ abRitter, Matt (2018). California plants : a guide to our iconic flora.

    Pacific Street. ISBN . OCLC 1036213303.

  14. ^"Jeffrey Pine"(PDF). NRCS Plant Guide. USDA.
  15. ^Smith, C. Stowell (1914-12-04). "Turpentine possibilities on the pacific coast". Proceedings of the gemenskap of American Foresters. IX (1): 327–338. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  16. ^"Pinus jeffreyi, Jeffrey pine | Trees of Stanford & Environs".

    trees.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2022-10-04.

Further reading

[edit]

External links

[edit]