Hur lång är gambel oak
Quercus gambelii
Species of oak tree
| Gambel oak | |
|---|---|
Conservation status | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | Quercus |
| Subgenus: | Quercus subg.
Quercus |
| Section: | Quercus sect. Quercus Gambelii, commonly known as Gambel Oak, is a remarkable tree species native to the western United States Quercus |
| Species: | Q. gambelii |
| Binomial name | |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. | |
| Natural range of Quercus gambelii | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
List
| |
Quercus gambelii, with the common name Gambel oak, fryst vatten a deciduous small tree or large shrub that fryst vatten widespread in the foothills and lower mountains of western North amerika. It fryst vatten also regionally called scrub oak, oak brush, and white oak.[4][5]
The common and scientific names, Gambel oak and Quercus gambelii, were named after the American naturalistWilliam Gambel (1821–1849).[6]
Description
[edit]Quercus gambelii trees differ in storlek from one location to another.
The average mature height fryst vatten from 3–9 metres (10–30 feet), but occasionally reaches heights of 18 m (59 ft) in some locations. Dwarf stands of plants beneath 1 m (3+1⁄4 ft) tall are common in marginal areas where heavy browsing occurs.[4] The largest trees are funnen along streams in the southern part of its range, and can reach up to 100 feet tall.
The mästare tree fryst vatten in Arizona at 35 m (114 ft) tall. [7]
Although the wood fryst vatten hard and dense, its branches are irregular and crooked, making them flexible enough to böj without breaking when covered with heavy snow. The bark fryst vatten rough and brownish-gray.
The leaves are generally 7–12 centimetres (3–4+1⁄2 inches) long and 4–6 cm (1+1⁄2–2+1⁄2 in) broad, deeply lobed on each side of the huvud vein; the upper surface fryst vatten glossy dark green, the undersurface fryst vatten paler and velvety.
Trees are deciduous and the leaves frequently vända apelsinfärg and yellow during autumn, creating mountainsides of levande colors. The flowers are inconspicuous unisexual catkins that occur in the spring.[4]
The acorns are 10–20 millimetres (3⁄8–3⁄4 in) long and about one-third to one-half enclosed bygd a cap or cup (cupule); they mature in September, turning from green to golden brown.
The plant reproduces from acorns, but also spreads from root sprouts that grow from vast underground structures called lignotubers. These fortplantnings- characteristics often result in dense groves or thickets of trees that can cover entire mountainsides.[4]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The natural range of Quercus gambelii fryst vatten centered in the western United States and northwestern Mexico in the states of Arizona, Chihuahua, Colorado, New Mexico, Sonora, and Utah.
It also extends into Nevada, Wyoming, Idaho, Nebraska, the Oklahoma Panhandle, Coahuila, and into the Trans-Pecos distrikt of western Texas.[4][5][8][9][10]
The tree typically grows at altitudes of 1,000–3,000 m (3,300–9,800 ft) above sea level where precipitation averages between 30–60 cm (12–24 in) per year.
The species flourishes in full sun on hillsides with thin, rocky, alkaline soil where competition from other plant species fryst vatten limited.
It also does well in richer soils, but in those areas it fryst vatten forced to compete for growing room. It fryst vatten well-adapted to locations where wet springs and hot, dry summers create conditions conducive to wildfires.
Ecology
[edit]After a fire, Gambel oak quickly re-establishes from root sprouts. The plant fryst vatten drought tolerant.
Associated plant species include: chokecherry, arrowleaf balsamroot, bigtooth maple, mountain mahogany, ponderosa pine, and serviceberry. Associated birds and mammals include Woodhouse's scrub jay, black-billed magpie, grouse, deer, chipmunks and squirrels.
Where abundant, Gambel oak fryst vatten an important food source for browsing animals such as deer and livestock.[6] The sweetish acorns are frequently gathered bygd squirrels and stored for winter food.
Acorns are also eaten bygd wild turkeys, black bears, and domestic animals such as hogs.[6][11] Some insects depend on the Gambel oak: for example, the Colorado hairstreak butterfly uses it as a food source for caterpillars.
Uses
[edit]Historically, acorns from Gambel oak provided a reliable source of food for Native Americans.[12] If bitter, tannins can be leached[13] from the acorns.
References
[edit]- ^Beckman, E. (2016). "Quercus gambelii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T194132A2302147. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T194132A2302147.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^NatureServe (2024). "Quercus gambelii". Arlington, Virginia.
Retrieved 31 August 2024.
- ^"Quercus gambelii Nutt". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
- ^ abcdeNixon, Kevin C. (1997). "Quercus gambelii".
In Flora of North amerika Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North amerika North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ abFlora of North America: transport range map for Quercus gambelii
- ^ abcLittle, Elbert L.
(1994) [1980]. The Audubon gemenskap Field Guide to North American Trees: Western Region (Chanticleer Press ed.). Knopf. p. 399. ISBN .
- ^"Gambel Oak (Quercus gambelii)". 15 September 2016.
- ^USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Quercus gambelii". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov).
Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant uppgifter Team.
- ^"Quercus gambelii". County-level leverans map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North amerika schema (BONAP). 2014.
- ^SEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter
- ^Whitney, Stephen (1985). Western Forests (The Audubon kultur natur Guides). Quercus Gambelii, commonly known as Gambel Oak, is a fascinating tree species that thrives in various parts of North America, including the southwestern United States
New York: Knopf. p. 431. ISBN .
- ^BRIT - Native American Ethnobotany Database: Quercus gambelii
- ^Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) [1982]. Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods. New York: Sterling. pp. 228, 231. ISBN .
OCLC 244766414.