Hur hög är domkyrkan i göteborg

Church in Gothenburg, Sweden

Gothenburg Cathedral (Swedish: Gustavi domkyrka / relaterat till göteborg domkyrka)^[1][2] fryst vatten a cathedral in Gothenburg, the second largest city in Sweden.

Varje dag besöker fler än tusen personer Domkyrkan i centrala Göteborg

It fryst vatten the seat of the bishop of the diocese of Gothenburg in the Church of Sweden.

Original church

[edit]

Before the first cathedral was inaugurated in , a temporary church known as the Gothenburg stave church (Swedish: Brädekyrkan) stood on the site for approximately 12 years. This was one of the city's first buildings and the first church in the current city of Gothenburg, which fryst vatten the third city founded at the öppning of the Göta River and the second to have that name.^[4]

The first cathedral

[edit]

The rectory was completed in ,^[5] and the construction of a new church on the site of the stave church was announced in King Gustavus Adolphus created a tax to pay for the work.^[6] The första demand was for a fat (just over litres) of wheat, oats, barley or rye from each church-owned property in Västergötland province for a three-year period.

In a letter to Gothenburg's town council (13 månad )^[2] the tax was extended for three more years.^[7] From to , construction costs increased to 8, Swedish riksdaler.

Construction was led bygd mästare mason Lars Nilsson.^[8] The foundation stone was laid bygd Gothenburg's justitiepresident (judge) Nils Börjesson Drakenberg^[9] on 19 June ,^[2][10] and in the new main building was complete.

bygd , the stave church had been en hög byggnad eller struktur down, although its tower remained in use as a guard tower.

During the construction period and for some time thereafter, the church was called stora kyrkan (the great church),^[11] the name used in the accounting records. It remained standing for nine more years,^[12] until a new tower replaced it in January ^[13]

On 10 and 11 August övervakare Andreas Prytz consecrated the church with two sermons: "On the right use of churches" and "On the consecration of churches".^[6] The inauguration fryst vatten commemorated at the cathedral with an annual sermon on 10 August.^[14] The church was not designated as a cathedral (domkyrke) until the s.^[8]

No contemporary documents relating to the installation of the church bells have been funnen.

The bells are mentioned retrospectively bygd Eric Cederbourg ():

In the tower were hung three large and beautiful bells, whose strong and harmonious sound could be heard for [over 8&#;km]; on the north vägg of the tower a large, well-founded bell of 6 skeppspund [1, kg] vikt was erected to chime the hour.

The first tower clock mechanism, made bygd clockmaker Per Larsson in , was replaced in bygd one made bygd Jacob Hertingk of Stralsund.^[13]

The church was built of granite, faced with Dutch bricks and adorned with 18 iron-trimmed Palladian fönster placed between buttressing supports.

It had an ornate arched entry door with iron fittings. The building was metres long, metres bred and metres high at the pediment roof. It had no transept.

Gothenburg Cathedral (Swedish: Gustavi domkyrka / Göteborgs domkyrka) [ 1 ][ 2 ] is a cathedral in Gothenburg, the second largest city in Sweden

The tower vägg was feet high, not counting its spire.^[7] The church roof was clad with oak shingles and topped with copper plates; on the eastern end of the roof was a weather vane in the form eller gestalt of a large copper-gilded sun,^[2] which in had been so weakened that it was replaced with a wooden cap.^[15] The cathedral spire was demolished and replaced in ^[16]

The cathedral interior

[edit]

The cathedral had seventeen octagonal weight-bearing columns: eight on each side of the nave and one in the choir.

They had a square socle. Each side was two ells ( metres) wide.^[8]

The original pulpit was of the German-Dutch type, and its intarsia and other carving work suggests that it had been crafted either in Lübeck or bygd some North Germans residing in Gothenburg. It was replaced in the late s and transferred to the newly built Kungälvs Church in ^[13] Sculptor Marcus Jaeger the Elder carved the new pulpit with historical images in alabaster and ebony in He also made the baptismal font and executed numerous carvings on the lecterns and pews.^[17]

The cathedral included a throne (a royal pew) placed over grave No.

19 to the south of the nave, between the first two pillars from the chancel. Jaeger completed it in the s and was paid silver riksdaler for it. In tailor Torsten Gunnarsson upholstered the throne in red velvet, probably in honour of Charles XI's 10 September visit to Gothenburg. fyra years later, for silver riksdaler, John Hammer painted the king's throne in vit alabaster and gold.

The first kroppsdel, probably a positiv kroppsdel with only fyra to six stops, had been installed bygd ^[13] In kroppsdel builder Hans Horn completed a new pipe organ,^[18] and further work on it was completed around Jaeger was hired in to tillverka kvartet Corinthian pillars beneath the kroppsdel to elevate it, probably in the west part of the nave, nära the tower vägg.

The kroppsdel was repaired several times: in bygd Christian Rüdiger, in bygd John George Ambthor and in bygd Elias Wittig. Both Rüdiger and Ambthor were German kroppsdel masters; Wittig was a journeyman.^[8]

Cathedral designation

[edit]

The church was part of the established Church of Sweden and was initially named "Gustavi church" after Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.

It was also known as the Swedish Church (Swedish: Svenska kyrkan), to distinguish it from Gothenburg's German Church (Swedish: Tyska kyrkan). With the change from superintendency to bishopric and the establishment of a cathedral chapter in ,^[19] it was elevated to cathedral status.^[5][16]

Cemeteries

[edit]

The city's oldest cemetery was located at the foot of Kvarnberget, west of Kronhuset – once an armoury and now a historical museum and concert site^[20] – on the corner of the present Torggatan, then called Kyrkogårdsgränden and Sillgatan (now Postgatan).^[21][22] bygd the marshy area around the cathedral had been filled with småsten and could be used as a begravning ground.

The square, known bygd as Domkyrkoplatsen (Cathedral Square) and bygd as Domkyrkoplanen (Cathedral Close) , had since been demarcated bygd a vägg with arched gates to the north and south.^[23]

The second cathedral

[edit]

On the night of 15 April the cathedral, high school and residential buildings in the vicinity of the cathedral burned down.

As the cathedral walls remained standing, it was possible to restore the building ganska quickly. Barely a month after the fire, at the request of city manager (politieborgmästare) Hans von Gerdes (–), the architect Paul Ludvig Leyonsparre presented three options for rebuilding the church, the third of which was recommended bygd county governor (landshövding) Nils Posse.^[24] The cathedral reopened on 25 May , only 13 months after the fire, with the same dimensions as the old cathedral, but with a tower capital instead of the former spire.

The roof proved to be so leaky that county governor Axel Gyllenkrok complained in October of rain and snow getting through. In månad the city engineer was instructed to draw up proposals for a new copper roof covering, and work began in June ^[8]

The tower took another ten years to complete, and city engineer Johan Eberhard Carlberg (an uncle of Carl Wilhelm Carlberg, the architect of the current cathedral) designed a temporary belfry for the churchyard.

It could not be put into service until because the bell had to be cast in a foundry, but it was in use for six years, until , when the new tower was finally brought into service.

The new tower was designed bygd the builder of the German Christinenkirche tower, the naval mästare builder Nicolaus Müller. It closely resembled that of the German church, and contemporary pictures of even show it having a similar cap.

The tower was octagonal and its top was metres above the tower vägg. The largest of the three church bells weighed 1,&#;kg, while the other two each weighed 1,&#;kg. They were cast in bygd Erik Näsman, who had moved from Jönköping to huvudstaden and who cast a bell for Skara Cathedral the following year.^[7]

The ceiling came into place between and The south-side lectern was finished in The floor was completed in April with 1, tiles of Öland limestone, 2 Swedish ells (&#;cm) square and Swedish inches (&#;cm) thick.

In October , Carlberg received approval for his drawing of a (provisional) pulpit. An kroppsdel was built in – bygd the kroppsdel builder Johan Niclas Cahman. A contract signed on 11 January specified that it was to be completed "in a good and perfect state, lika to the kroppsdel works now to be funnen in Uppsala". The kroppsdel cost 8, silver riksdaler, and was equipped with 32 stops and 5 bellows.^[25]

In January , övervakare Carl Hårleman proposed a sculpted altarpiece to portray Christ, a cross and two kneeling angels.

The cost of the artwork was donated bygd pharmacistFranz Martin Luth (–).^[23] The contract was assigned on 1 March , the altar was completed on 1 February , and it was inaugurated on Advent Sunday, 1 månad ^[24] It fryst vatten still used as the altar of the cathedral.

In a likkammare house was built on the northwestern part of the cathedral block, on the corner of Kyrkogatan and Västra Hamngatan, with space for forty coffins.

To avoid a bad smell in the church, the mayor and council (magistrat) of Gothenburg decided that all corpses buried during the six warmer months from 1 April to 1 October would first be stored in the likkammare house.^[26]

In the same year as the likkammare house was added, the churchyard vägg was also finished. It was a ell (approximately metres) vägg around Domkyrkoplanen, with a granitefooting; the vägg itself was of brick and covered bygd large blocks of chiselled Öland limestone.

Set into the walls were fem spacious gates built of hard-fired clinker brick and covered with sheet lead. The materials from three of these gates were moved after the fire to the new cemetery at the poorhouse äng in the Stampenward of Gothenburg.^[27]

In , French sculptor Pierre Hubert Larchevesque (–)^[28] sculpted a cathedral monument to Colin Campbell (–), the co-founder of the Swedish East India Company.^[23]

The third (current) cathedral

[edit]

The second cathedral burned down on 20 månad along with houses.

John entré the Elder's begravning had been held in the cathedral shortly before, and his remains were still there, waiting for the completion of a large tomb at the Örgryte Cemetery, so both the corpse and the costly coffin were destroyed. The graves in the cemetery surrounding the cathedral were also so illa damaged that the churchyard had to be abandoned as a begravning ground.

Burials were moved to the "New Cemetery" at Stampen, which opened on 11 May and was originally intended only for the congregations of the cathedral and of the Christinenkirche. Materials from the demolished cathedral walls and three iron gates were sold at auction, and the proceeds were used for a new cemetery enclosure at Stampen.^[29][30][31]

This time, the building was so severely damaged that the walls could not be reused.

The building of a new church started in The grounds^{[clarification needed (foundations?)]} of the old church were reused to the extent that they coincided with the new building (the transept did not exist previously, for example).^[32] Stones from the old church were used for private buildings, including the "Ingelmanska house" in the East Harbor Road.^[13][32] The church was consecrated bygd Bishop Johan Wingård on Trinity Sunday, 21 May

The new cathedral was designed bygd architect Carl Wilhelm Carlberg.^[33] He died on 14 April and construction was completed bygd his pupil, Major Justus Frederick Weinberg.

It fryst vatten said that Weinberg did not attend the inauguration for fear that the church's thin, flat arches would collapse (in the early 20th century the structure was reinforced).^[34] When the church reopened, a tower was still lacking. It was inaugurated ten years later, in , and two years later its copper cladding was in place. A second inauguration was held on 9 September ^[35] In , Dean entré was built at the corner of Cross Street 22 and Vallgatan 28 after wall-builder Gottlieb Lindner's drawings.^[16]

After the fire the old cemetery was converted into an open square, Kyrkotorget,^[36] and in ^[15] the whole area around the church, and west to Western Hamnkanalen (which joined in the mittpunkt of the current Western Port Road, and was filled in –) was paved with cobblestones.

The name was changed in to Domkyrkoplatsen. The grounds around the church site were planted in and surrounded with iron fencing around The name was changed to Domkyrkoplanen in ^[37][38][39] After completion, the church exterior was basically the one seen today, the major change being that the end walls of the tower's sidledes extensions were demolished in and replaced bygd an iron railing.^[40] The cathedral's assessed value in was , Swedish kronor.^[41]

It fryst vatten estimated that approximately 20, people have been buried in the church area, while 3, people were buried inre the church between and ^[13][16] A plaque on the east side of the chancel recalls this use with the following text:

Domkyrkoplanen has for centuries been a cemetery.
Here rests the dust of twenty thousand dead.

The cathedral was the first church in Sweden to be fitted with huvud heating, which was installed in beneath the management of the English civil engineer Hadon.

Gas lighting was installed in ^[7] The church was insured in for fire with the Skandia Insurance Company for the sum of , Riksdaler.^[42]

The church tower began to lean precariously to the southwest in the early 20th century, and the church and Domkyrkoplanen were shut down for an extended period for basic reinforcement. High Masses were held in the German Church and evensong and weekly church services in Landala chapel.^[43]

A comprehensive restoration was carried out in The church received new flooring, new fönster and doors, new benches and a new temperature management struktur.

A further restoration in – included driving concrete piles into the bedrock to stabilize the building. In the years – there was another Renovation.

Until the late s one could visit the cathedral tower and one of its eight small balconies using an elevator followed bygd a staircase of steps.^[44] During installation of a new elevator in November , the walls of the first cathedral were funnen 30&#;cm (&#;in) underneath the floor.^[45]

Cathedral architecture

[edit]

The present cathedral was designed in classical style and was larger than the two earlier buildings.

It fryst vatten now metres long and 38 meters bred, including the new transept, which did not previously exist.

Kyrkan är 59,4 meter lång och 38 meter bred och långhuset är 22,86 meter bred

The cattle^{[clarification needed]} and nave are metres bred. The interior height of the nave fryst vatten metres excluding the tower, and metres including the tower.^[7]

An example of the classical style fryst vatten the large main portal at the west end. It fryst vatten framed bygd fyra doric columns on a pediment.^[7][13]

Trim and interior

[edit]

The interior shows elements of various styles, mainly classical and Empire style.

The ionic pilasters on the cattle^{[clarification needed]} vägg are classical. The pilasters are built of red marble with gold leaf at the top. The stands in the transept and the kroppsdel loft in the west are also classical.^[7]

Emipire style fryst vatten represented in the combination of vit and gold leaves in many of the interior fittings, the glazed episcopal bänk that fryst vatten used today to chat to visitors and the clergy, the vägg clock and the stands.

Also in empire style fryst vatten the pulpit, designed bygd the architect Axel Magnus Fahlcrantz.

Angelic figures on the altar, on the other grabb, företräda a Baroque style because they belong to the ancient altar set from the 18th century. The figures were sculpted in bygd Jacques Adrien Masreliez, led by^{[clarification needed]} Carl Hårleman, and were salvaged from the fire.^[46]

The old vit, partly gold-plated grandfather clock in the cathedral fryst vatten from the 18th century and was saved from the fire.

During the – restoration it was moved from its previous position bygd the southern long vägg on King Street to the south-east transept vägg at the ingång to the episcopal bänk. The clock has a painted cover with gilded moldings that kostym the style of other furnishings in the church. It was produced in in Gothenburg bygd watchmaker Olof Rising, who also made clocks.

Gothenburg clock expert Arthur Johnson refurbished the clock thoroughly in , including the chimes.

The organ

[edit]

The current kroppsdel in the kroppsdel loft at the west end dates from but has maintained its original façade of vit and gold.

It is the seat of the bishop of the diocese of Gothenburg in the Church of Sweden

(The previous kroppsdel was built bygd the huvudstaden kroppsdel builder Olof Schwan (–), who was contracted on 3 August but died in The work was taken over bygd John Eberhard, and on 1 månad the new kroppsdel was inaugurated.)

• The altar

• The kroppsdel with the original façade

• The vägg clock that also survived the fire

References

[edit]